The diagram to the right shows a light ray undergoing refraction as it passes from air into water. (For example, "a lot," "a little," "like wow! Quite a bit dude," etc.) The concern of this lesson is to express the amount of refraction of a light ray in terms of a measurable quantity that has a mathematical value. The question is: "By how much does light refract when it crosses a boundary?" Perhaps there are numerous answers to such a question. Lesson 1 focused on the topics of "What causes refraction?" and "Which direction does light refract?" Lesson 2 will focus on the question of "By how much does light refract when it crosses a boundary?" These two rules regarding the refraction of light only indicate the direction that a light ray bends they do not indicate how much bending occurs. In such a case, the refracted ray will be closer to the normal line than the incident ray is this is the FST rule of refraction. On the other hand, if a light wave passes from a medium in which it travels fast (relatively speaking) into a medium in which it travels slow, then the light wave will refract towards the normal.
In such a case, the refracted ray will be farther from the normal line than the incident ray this is the SFA rule of refraction. In Lesson 1, we learned that if a light wave passes from a medium in which it travels slow (relatively speaking) into a medium in which it travels fast, then the light wave would refract away from the normal. Refraction is caused by the change in speed experienced by a wave when it changes medium. Refraction is the bending of the path of a light wave as it passes across the boundary separating two media.
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